1790 to 2000:
- births
- deaths
- immigration (into the country)
- emigration (out of the country)
It would be interesting to see what part of the country's growth is due to immigration. (I imagine the emigration part is rather small and insignificant.)
The population of the US derived form the 2010 census is 308.7 million. The estimated population as of this moment (19-Feb-2015) is 320.4 million according to the Census Population Clock.